Buying a used iPhone: what to check
Short answer
Check battery health, Face ID, the iCloud lock and the IMEI. These are the most common problems.
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Settings → Battery → Health. Below 85% means a replacement soon.
Test every camera and Face ID.
The phone must be signed out of the previous owner's Apple ID.
Compare the IMEI on the box with the one in the phone.
Do not buy until the seller removes it.